Summary of Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx Essay -- Karl Marx Communi

Summary of Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx Introduction Karl Marx was born in 1818 into a middle-class, German family. During his studies, Marx was heavily influenced by the philosophy of Hegel. He joined a group called the â€Å"Young Hegelians.† The group, though â€Å"inspired by Hegel, [was] determined to champion the more radical aspects of the old master's system.†[i] Though he was a strong scholar, he got into trouble because of his radical political views.[ii] In 1847, together with fellow German, Freidrich Engels, Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto. The Central Authority of the Communist League approved The Communist Manifesto January of 1848, and the document began printing the next month.[iii] The manifesto was â€Å"inspired by the emergence of the modern working class, [he] developed a wholly new socialist outlook based upon the principle of socialism from below.†[iv] In Marx’s version of socialism, there were two central themes, one of which was that the working class had to libe rate themselves from their oppressors, and the other involved the working people overthrowing their current government to create a new, democratic society for themselves.[v] Summary of Section 1 Marx begins by showing that throughout all of history humans have divided themselves into certain ranks or classes. For example, in the Middle Ages social divisions were â€Å"feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, [and] serfs.†[vi] As long as social stratification has existed, one group or groups have been the oppressor while another group or groups have been the oppressed. The fight that exists between the oppressed and the oppressor is destine to end reconstruction of society triggered by revoluti... ...o of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.. New York: Russell and Russell, 1963. [vii] Marx [viii] Marx [ix] Marx [x] Marx [xi] Marx [xii] Marx [xiii] Marx [xiv] Marx [xv] Marx [xvi] Marx [xvii] Marx [xviii] Marx [xix] Marx [xx] Marx [xxi] Marx [xxii] Marx [xxiii] Marx [xxiv] Marx [xxv] Marx [xxvi] Brians, Paul. Study Guide for The Communist Manifesto. 15 March 2002 . LINKS TO: http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~brians/hum_303/manifesto.html Study Guide for The Communist Manifesto. http://marxist.org http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/marx.html http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/marx.htm http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/marx.htm http://www.classicnote.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/communist/ http://homepages.udayton.edu/~santamar

Why Was the Treaty of Versailles so Unpopular in Germany?

Why was the Treaty of Versailles so unpopular in Germany? The Treaty of Versailles was the peace treaty that was drawn up by the Allies and Germany after the First World War. It was made to prevent Germany from starting a war again and to pay back the Allies for the money they had spent. The Germans had hoped that the Allies would treat them fairly in the negotiations for the treaty, but the Allies, in particular France, believed that Germany should be brought to its knees.France was not as satisfied as it would have liked, because Woodrow Wilson, who stood for America in the peace conferences, wanted those in power in Germany to be punished, rather than the German people. In the end, the treaty stated that Germany had to pay ? 6000,600,000,000 in reparations, they lost a lot of land (including the Ruhr Valley), they were stripped of their aircraft and air force, they only had six battleships and nothing else, they had no modern weapons, and they were only allowed 100,000 soldiers.Th e western part of Germany called the Rhineland was de-militarized (taken over by British and French troops and controlled by the Allies). Finally, Germany was made to accept that they were the ones who started the war. The Germans hated the treaty. They believed that they had been shamed globally, and they were humiliated. Germany had always been well known for having a strong army, and now they had only 100,000 soldiers, no modern weapons, only 6 battleships, and no navy or air force.The thousands of soldiers that were simply sent home from the Western Front were now unemployed, living in a country that was becoming poorer by the day, and wanted revenge. They believed that Germany could have won the war, but the new democratic government had taken their chance. They also stated that the country would be powerless against the smallest of nations. The Germans were also furious about the various terms of the Treaty. They hated Clause 231 – the ‘War Guilt’ clause â €“ which stated that Germany had caused ‘all the loss and damage’ of the war.Firstly, the Germans did not think that they had caused the war (for the Germans, the war was a war of self-defence against Russia, which had mobilised 31 July 1914). During the 1920s, the Germans published all their secret documents from 1914, to prove they had tried to stop the war. Secondly, the Germans hated clause 231 because accepting it gave the Allies the moral right to punish Germany – it validated all the harsh terms of the Treaty. The Germans also disliked the reparations, which were to be paid in instalments until 1984.They did not accept that Germany had caused all the damage. They felt that the huge sum was just designed to destroy their economy and starve their children. Most of all, they hated reparations because they too had rebuilding work to do. Germany’s economy was ruined, but, instead of being able to pump investment into German industry, the country had to send abroad huge sums of money that German industry was not yet strong enough to earn. Finally, the territorial terms of the Treaty of Versailles also made the Germans angry. Germany lost 10% of its land.The Saar was a valuable coalfield, and West Prussia and Upper Silesia were rich farming areas, so their loss further weakened Germany’s economy. The loss of the Polish Corridor separated East Prussia from Germany, and further damaged the German economy. Germany lost 16% of its coalfields and half its iron and steel industry. The loss of all Germany’s colonies was seen as the Allies building empires. The loss of Malmedy to Belgium, Schleswig to Denmark, Memel to Lithuania, Alsace-Lorraine to France was also a national humiliation. The Treaty of Versailles also stopped Germany joining with Austria.This seemed unfair to the Germans, because everywhere else in Europe, the Treaties of 1919–20 gave peoples self-determination, but they divided Germany, and put 12. 5 % of its population into other countries. The army believed that the government had betrayed them by signing the Treaty, and the political opposition backed this. A huge number of the German population were now against the new democratic government and the Treaty of Versailles, and it became known as the Versailles Diktat (the Treaty had been forced on the Germans). Becky Hutton

Compound-Complex Sentence Worksheet

There are three types of sentences in English: Simple, compound and complex sentences. This worksheet focuses on writing compound-complex sentences and is ideal for advanced level classes. Teachers can feel free to print out this page to use in class. Understanding Compound-Complex Sentences Compound-complex sentences are sentences that contain two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. They are more complicated than compound sentences or complex sentences as they combine the two styles. Learning to write compound-complex sentences is an advanced level English learning task. Make sure you understand both compound and complex sentences before you begin to study the compound-complex sentences. Coordinating Conjunctions Compound sentences use coordinating conjunctions also known as FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) to connect two simple sentences. Remember to place a comma before the coordinating conjunction. Here are two compound sentences as examples to review. I would like to read the book, but its not available.Janet is going to visit her grandparents, and shes going to a meeting. Complex Sentences Adverb Clauses Complex sentences combine one dependent and one independent clause through the use of subordinating conjunctions such as because, though, as, while, if, etc these are also known as dependent adverb clauses. Here are two complex sentences as examples to review. Notice how the two sentences are similar in meaning to the two compound sentences. Though its not available, Id like to read the book.Janet is going to a meeting after she has visited her grandparents. Remember that the dependent clause can be placed at the beginning or the end of the sentence. When placing the dependent clause at the beginning of the sentence, use a comma. Complex Sentences Using Relative Clauses Complex sentences also use relative clauses using relative pronouns (who, which, that, etc.) as the independent clause to modify a noun or noun phrase. Relative clauses are also known as dependent adjective clauses. I would like to read the book which was written by John Handy.Jane is going to visit her grandparents who live in Boston. Combining the Two Most compound-complex sentences contain coordinating conjunction and an adverb or relative clause. Here are examples combining the previous sentences to write compound-complex sentences. I would like to read the book which was written by John Handy, but its not available.Jane is going to a meeting after she has visited her grandparents who live in Boston. Compound-Complex Sentence Worksheet Combine the sentences  to make one compound-complex sentence. Susan teaches the kids who live in the neighborhood. They meet in the evenings after she comes home from work.The doctor wants to prescribe physical therapy, and he asked me to see a specialist. He recommended Dr. Smith.Anthony told us about the assembly of the products. Unfortunately, he didnt tell us about where they were made.We managed to finish the exercise on time  and passed the exam. However, it was very difficult.The man spoke little English. Mary understood him, but couldnt help.We didnt have much time, so we didnt read the final chapter. However, we still enjoyed the book.We will miss our father greatly. He taught us many lessons. Those lessons have helped us succeed in life.The eagles attract many tourists. They live in the local mountain range. Unfortunately, the politicians still refuse to protect them.We finished our work early, so we decided to go out for a drink. We went to Allans Pub.The students who attended the university went on strike. They protested the tuiti on hikes.Sandy wanted to ask her uncle questions about his experiences. Her uncle fought in WW II.The boys refused to ask the teacher any questions. They failed the exam.I dont like the food. The staff prepares the food. I also do not like their unfriendly attitude.Sheila loves red. The Mustang is red, but she might wait a few months.He can join us if he asks the man who invited us to the party. He can also stay home. Answers There are other variations that are possible than those provided in the answers. Ask your  teacher for other ways  to connect these to write complex sentences. Susan teaches the kids who live in the neighborhood in the evenings after she comes home from work.The doctor wants to prescribe physical  therapy, and he wants me to see Dr. Smith whom he recommended.Anthony instructed us on how the products are assembled, but he failed to tell us where they were made.Although the exercise was difficult, we managed to finish it on time, so we passed the exam.Mary understood the man who spoke little English, but she was unable to help him.Because we had limited time, we didnt read the final chapter, yet we still enjoyed the book.Our father taught us many lessons which helped us succeed in life, and we will miss him greatly.The eagles which live in the local mountain range attract many tourists, but the local politicians still refuse to protect them.As we had finished our work early, we decided to go out for a drink, so we went to Allans Pub.The students who attended the university went on strike, for they protested the tuition hikes.Sandy never met her uncle who had fought in WW II, yet she wanted to ask him about his experiences.The boys refused to ask the teacher who had instructed them any questions, so they failed the exam.I dont enjoy the food which is prepared by the staff, nor do I appreciate their unfriendly attitude.As she loves red, Sheila wants to buy the Mustang, or she wants to wait for a few months.If he wants to join us, he needs to ask the man who invited us to the party, or he can stay home.

5 Things You Should Do Before Starting Your Online Course

Developing A Economically Developed Countries - 1649 Words

†¢ More economically developed countries (MEDC) - Countries with sovereign states and that has a highly developed economy with advanced technological industries as compared to other countries. The Human Development index, standard of living as well as the Gross national product of these economies is on the upper level of every chart. According to the International Monetary Fund, advanced economies comprise 60.8% of global nominal GDP and 42.9% of global GDP (PPP) in 2014. COUNTRY KOF INDEX OF GLOBALIZATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX GINI COEFFICIENT IRELAND 91.30 0.899 34.3 NETHERLANDS 91.24 0.915 30.9 BELGIUM 91.00 0.881 33.0 UNITED KINGDOM 82.96 0.892 36.0 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 74.81 0.914 40.8 These countries exhibited an increase†¦show more content†¦According to The Economist, on 28th June, 2014, Netherlands has been fighting against inequality for the past few years owing to the differential taxation system. Researchers say that the wealth distribution of Netherlands is one of the most unequal in Europe. Quoting the OECD report on Inequality within countries, of 21st May, 2015, ‘Inequality is high in the Netherlands: the top 10% owns 60% of all net wealth, while the bottom three quintiles own almost no wealth.’ Belgium has not seen a drop in inequality levels in the past 25 years. According to the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), 2010 survey, 30% of Belgium’s poorest calculated a fall in their net taxable incomes from 11.2% to 8.3%. While the richest calculated an increase from 27.3% to 31.9% in their shares. Referring to the US Census Bureau. (2001). Historical Income Tables – Income Equality, U.S. income inequality has been rising ever since the 1970s. The statistics from Income Inequality Generation to Generation by Robert Lenzner, Forbes (March 26, 2012) show that the recession in 2008 affected the income inequality greatly. The share of pre-tax incomes received by the top 1% wealthiest rose from 13.3% in 2009 to 14.6% in 2011. In 2012, the same rose by 20%, as compared to the remaining 99% rose only by 1%. The OECD Income inequality data update and policies impacting income distribution: United Kingdom (February 2015), broadcasts that in the UK, the income of the richest 10% is

Maintenance Of Capital Doctrine Business †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How to the Maintenance of Capital Doctrine Business? Answer: The maintenance of capital doctrine is one of the important ethics in corporate law which control the company how they receive a proper consideration of the share. It is also make sure how much capital of share amount should deliver or distribute among the shareholders. The company must hold the capital of the share amount for the security and safety of the creditors (Knapp 2013). In such matter, the court always ensure that how company use the capital amount in business. The amount must uses in the legal purpose for the business. The famous cases are Trevor v Whitworth (1887) and Flitcrofts related to the doctrine of capital share amount. The house of lord had described in both of the cases that company have no rights to buy their own share for own benefits. The shareholders have the only right to buy the company share. When the company tried to buy the shares the share amount decrease the dividend amounts. Without the order of the court, the members of the company will not have capital deduction in the basic capital amount. The dividend amounts always distributed as per the capital amount of shares of the company (Arnold 2016). The Company Act 2006 states the doctrine of share capitals. The Act describes the facts of dividend payments, decrease the amount of companys share capitals, purchasing of shares and collecting of the shares under sections 17, 18 and 19 of the Act. In Australia, the Capital Maintenance doctrine has established in Australian corporate law under section 256A, 256C of the Corporations Act 2001. The doctrines are applying to protect the share capital of the company (Islam 2015). The various sections of the Corporation Act 2001 defines how a capital In the sec 256C of the Corporation Act stated that the capital amount of share profit of the company must be decrease when the shareholder approved the capital amount (Tomasic). In 256B of the Corporation Act described the exceptions of doctrines where company may decrease the share capital and the sec 257A give the right to the company to buy its own shares but there are some terms and conditions applied. Reference Arnold, A. J. "Capital reduction case law decisions and the development of the capital maintenance doctrine in late-nineteenth-century England."Accounting and Business Research(2016): 1-19. Islam, Md Saidul. "The Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and its Statutory Developments: An Analysis."Northern University Journal of Law4 (2015): 47-55. Knapp, Jeffrey. "A Reconsideration of Consolidation Accounting Requirements and Pre?acquisition Dividends."Australian Accounting Review23.3 (2013): 190-207. Tomasic, Roman. "The Rise and Fall of the Capital Maintenance Doctrine in Australian Corporate Law." (2015). Reference

The Applications Of Technology In The First Decade Of The Twenty-First

The Applications of Technology in the First Decade of the Twenty-First Century The Applications of Technology in the First Decade of the Twenty-First Century A quote I heard many times when I was in high school and which I now know traces back to Sir Francis Bacon, one of our earliest scientist or philosophers as they were then called, is the statement "Knowledge Is Power." Today, I believe that the fuller, more correct statement is to say, "the application of knowledge is power." The study of science, and technology subjects will broader our opportunities in life. As we continue to advance to the 21st century- now lesser than 30 days away-we are well aware that technology is possibly the hottest industrial commodity around the world today. In the years ahead, it will be an increasingly critical factor in determining the success or failure of businesses. It is the fuel many of us are looking at to help us win this race to the 21st century. To do that, we should make technology matter. In this paper I am going to share my technology forecasts. I try to focus on my new forecasts a decade into the future - the first decade of the 21st century, because that is how far most businesses need to be looking ahead. There has never been a neutral or value-free, technology. All technologies are power. They evoke economic and social consequences in direct proportion to their dislocation of the existing economy and its institutions. I believe that technologies such as: biotechnology and genetic engineering, intelligent materials, the miniaturization of electronics, and smart manufacturing systems, and controls, will be the hottest technologies in the next decade. I am going to put together a list of what I think as the top ten innovative products that will result from those technologies. Number one on the list is something we call genetic. There are pharmaceutical products that will come from the massive genetic research going on around the world today. In ten years, we will have new ways to treat many of our ills - from allergies to ADIS. We may see the discovery of new methods of treatment for various types of cancer, for multiple sclerosis, osteoporoses, Lou Gehrig's and Alzheimer's disease, to name just a few. The biotechnology frontier, especially developments in the field of genetic, promises- and to some degree has already archived - a revolution in agriculture and human health care. But proving the means to develop plant species that are more disease-and-pest-resistant, more tolerant of drought, and able to grow during extended periods of adverse conditions. These technologies will very likely provide future increasing in agricultural productivity. So far, these techniques have not add much to world food production; recent grow has come primarily from increasing acreage in production, in response to higher grain prices. However, further expansion of productive land is limited, and the increased application of fertilizer appears to be reaching a point of diminishing returns. Therefore, increased agricultural productivity from this new field could be essential to feed the growing population. The mapping of human and plant genomes, a process already well underway, will provide greatly increased knowledge of genetic processes and, to some extend, information about how to control them. For humans, this will provide the means to deal with diseases that have genetic origins or result from man functioning of genetic material in the body. These diseases include potentially: cancer, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher's, hemophilia, rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, hypercholesterolemia, and many others. Furthermore, genome analysis of an individual can indicate propensity to diseases whose symptoms have not yet been manifested. Scientists believe that many psychological and behavior attributes can be genetically controlled and therefore subject to diagnosis and eventually, for aberrant conditions, corrected. Such uses of this technology, of courses, raise serious social and ethical questions that must be considered. Other applications of biotechnology might produce novel protein for food replacing meat, stimulate awareness and evaluation of microbial threats (including archaea, ancient bacteria, being perhaps more adaptable and potentially hazardous than was previous thought), and creation of plantation to produce and distribute biological products in the ocean. The process of cloning was perfected; evidence by the fact that in 1997 a sheep was successfully cloned in Scotland. Hence, biotechnology could eventually eliminate food shortages, improve health, and extend life expectancy. Number two on the list is the personalized computer. The personal computer now sitting on our desk will be replaced by a very powerful, personalized computer. It will be able to send and receive wireless data. It will recognize your voice and follow your voice commands. It will include a variety of security and