Maintenance Of Capital Doctrine Business †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How to the Maintenance of Capital Doctrine Business? Answer: The maintenance of capital doctrine is one of the important ethics in corporate law which control the company how they receive a proper consideration of the share. It is also make sure how much capital of share amount should deliver or distribute among the shareholders. The company must hold the capital of the share amount for the security and safety of the creditors (Knapp 2013). In such matter, the court always ensure that how company use the capital amount in business. The amount must uses in the legal purpose for the business. The famous cases are Trevor v Whitworth (1887) and Flitcrofts related to the doctrine of capital share amount. The house of lord had described in both of the cases that company have no rights to buy their own share for own benefits. The shareholders have the only right to buy the company share. When the company tried to buy the shares the share amount decrease the dividend amounts. Without the order of the court, the members of the company will not have capital deduction in the basic capital amount. The dividend amounts always distributed as per the capital amount of shares of the company (Arnold 2016). The Company Act 2006 states the doctrine of share capitals. The Act describes the facts of dividend payments, decrease the amount of companys share capitals, purchasing of shares and collecting of the shares under sections 17, 18 and 19 of the Act. In Australia, the Capital Maintenance doctrine has established in Australian corporate law under section 256A, 256C of the Corporations Act 2001. The doctrines are applying to protect the share capital of the company (Islam 2015). The various sections of the Corporation Act 2001 defines how a capital In the sec 256C of the Corporation Act stated that the capital amount of share profit of the company must be decrease when the shareholder approved the capital amount (Tomasic). In 256B of the Corporation Act described the exceptions of doctrines where company may decrease the share capital and the sec 257A give the right to the company to buy its own shares but there are some terms and conditions applied. Reference Arnold, A. J. "Capital reduction case law decisions and the development of the capital maintenance doctrine in late-nineteenth-century England."Accounting and Business Research(2016): 1-19. Islam, Md Saidul. "The Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and its Statutory Developments: An Analysis."Northern University Journal of Law4 (2015): 47-55. Knapp, Jeffrey. "A Reconsideration of Consolidation Accounting Requirements and Pre?acquisition Dividends."Australian Accounting Review23.3 (2013): 190-207. Tomasic, Roman. "The Rise and Fall of the Capital Maintenance Doctrine in Australian Corporate Law." (2015). Reference

The Applications Of Technology In The First Decade Of The Twenty-First

The Applications of Technology in the First Decade of the Twenty-First Century The Applications of Technology in the First Decade of the Twenty-First Century A quote I heard many times when I was in high school and which I now know traces back to Sir Francis Bacon, one of our earliest scientist or philosophers as they were then called, is the statement "Knowledge Is Power." Today, I believe that the fuller, more correct statement is to say, "the application of knowledge is power." The study of science, and technology subjects will broader our opportunities in life. As we continue to advance to the 21st century- now lesser than 30 days away-we are well aware that technology is possibly the hottest industrial commodity around the world today. In the years ahead, it will be an increasingly critical factor in determining the success or failure of businesses. It is the fuel many of us are looking at to help us win this race to the 21st century. To do that, we should make technology matter. In this paper I am going to share my technology forecasts. I try to focus on my new forecasts a decade into the future - the first decade of the 21st century, because that is how far most businesses need to be looking ahead. There has never been a neutral or value-free, technology. All technologies are power. They evoke economic and social consequences in direct proportion to their dislocation of the existing economy and its institutions. I believe that technologies such as: biotechnology and genetic engineering, intelligent materials, the miniaturization of electronics, and smart manufacturing systems, and controls, will be the hottest technologies in the next decade. I am going to put together a list of what I think as the top ten innovative products that will result from those technologies. Number one on the list is something we call genetic. There are pharmaceutical products that will come from the massive genetic research going on around the world today. In ten years, we will have new ways to treat many of our ills - from allergies to ADIS. We may see the discovery of new methods of treatment for various types of cancer, for multiple sclerosis, osteoporoses, Lou Gehrig's and Alzheimer's disease, to name just a few. The biotechnology frontier, especially developments in the field of genetic, promises- and to some degree has already archived - a revolution in agriculture and human health care. But proving the means to develop plant species that are more disease-and-pest-resistant, more tolerant of drought, and able to grow during extended periods of adverse conditions. These technologies will very likely provide future increasing in agricultural productivity. So far, these techniques have not add much to world food production; recent grow has come primarily from increasing acreage in production, in response to higher grain prices. However, further expansion of productive land is limited, and the increased application of fertilizer appears to be reaching a point of diminishing returns. Therefore, increased agricultural productivity from this new field could be essential to feed the growing population. The mapping of human and plant genomes, a process already well underway, will provide greatly increased knowledge of genetic processes and, to some extend, information about how to control them. For humans, this will provide the means to deal with diseases that have genetic origins or result from man functioning of genetic material in the body. These diseases include potentially: cancer, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher's, hemophilia, rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, hypercholesterolemia, and many others. Furthermore, genome analysis of an individual can indicate propensity to diseases whose symptoms have not yet been manifested. Scientists believe that many psychological and behavior attributes can be genetically controlled and therefore subject to diagnosis and eventually, for aberrant conditions, corrected. Such uses of this technology, of courses, raise serious social and ethical questions that must be considered. Other applications of biotechnology might produce novel protein for food replacing meat, stimulate awareness and evaluation of microbial threats (including archaea, ancient bacteria, being perhaps more adaptable and potentially hazardous than was previous thought), and creation of plantation to produce and distribute biological products in the ocean. The process of cloning was perfected; evidence by the fact that in 1997 a sheep was successfully cloned in Scotland. Hence, biotechnology could eventually eliminate food shortages, improve health, and extend life expectancy. Number two on the list is the personalized computer. The personal computer now sitting on our desk will be replaced by a very powerful, personalized computer. It will be able to send and receive wireless data. It will recognize your voice and follow your voice commands. It will include a variety of security and

Environmental damage from the BP oil spill

All the Kings Men, by Robert Penn Warren

All the Kings Men, by Robert Penn Warren Free Online Research Papers Summary: All the King’s Men was written by Robert Penn Warren and published in 1946. It is about a politician named Willie Talos, who becomes the governor of a state somewhere in the South. The novel won the Pulitzer Prize in 1947, and was made into a movie in 1949. Willie Talos suddenly becomes well known throughout his state because of the collapse of a schoolhouse. He had warned the people not to use that contractor, who was known to use inferior materials, but no one listened to him. When the schoolhouse collapsed, killing three children, Willie’s idea that state government made some kind of secret agreement with the contractor was brought to many people’s attention. Sadie Burke and Tiny Duffy, working for another candidate, convince Willie to run for governor so the votes for the others would be split. When Willie finds out, he is furious, and makes an emotional speech that the crowd loves. But he drops out of the election, and campaigns against Sadie and Tiny’s candidate. Four years later, Willie becomes governor and hires Jack Burden as an addition to his pack of political cronies, which already includes Tiny Duffy, lieutenant-governor, and Sugar-Boy, Willieâ €™s reckless driver and bodyguard. Jack Burden is a reporter who admires Willie Talos. Jack is also a historian, having studied American history at the state college where he also researched and started to write the biography of Cass Masters, one of Jack’s ancestors. Jack is used by Willie to research his opponents and find unpleasant facts about them. Response: Throughout the book, the story shifts in time. The main time periods are the present, three years ago, and fourteen years ago. Although this can be a little confusing, it makes it easy to see the changes in Willie’s personality. He goes from being quiet, careful, and always honest, to a bullying governor who is seeking revenge on the Judge for not supporting him. Summary: Judge Irwin makes himself an enemy of Willie by backing an opposing candidate, and Jack is asked to â€Å"dig up some dirt† on him. But Jack hesitates, since he has known the judge his whole life. The judge was like a father to him. But he decides that there is probably nothing to find, since the judge has such a good reputation. Willie knows better. He says that everyone has some secret, and the judge is no exception. After Jack had researched the judge for seven months, he discovers that Judge Irwin had once accepted a bribe, and that Joel Stanton, the governor and the father of Jack’s childhood friends Adam and Anne Stanton, had covered it up. Jack hopes that he never has to reveal this. But when Willie wants Adam to become the director of his new hospital, Jack has to tell Adam to persuade him. Willie’s free hospital is his plan for helping the poor of the state and boosting his own popularity. Willie’s actions become more dishonest by the day. Response: Jack has always liked the judge, and is shocked to learn that he took a bribe. Despite his claims that the purpose of the free hospital is to help the poor people in the state, it seems that Willie is building to more for himself. He wants to be remembered as good for the state. Summary: Sam MacMurfee, a powerful enemy for Willie, threatens Willie with a paternity suit against Tom, Willie’s son, if Willie runs for the Senate. After trying several ways to stop him, Willie remembers the research Jack had done on Judge Irwin, who has the power to control MacMurfee’s threats. Willie orders Jack to blackmail the judge into helping him. Jack obeys Willie, telling Judge Irwin that if he does not help Willie, people will find out about his bribe. Instead of bending to Willie’s will like Jack, Judge Irwin kills himself. In the commotion following Judge Irwin’s death, Jack learns that Judge Irwin was his real father. Willie strikes a deal with Gummy Larson, a building contractor and friend to MacMurfee. Willie gives Larson the contract to build the hospital, and Larson persuades MacMurfee to drop the case on Tom. Response: Here is more proof that Willie would stop at nothing to get what he wants. Jack obeys Willie and threatens the judge, causing him to commit suicide. Jack seems to be more of a puppet than a person. Judge Irwin once called him Willie’s â€Å"body servant† after seeing Willie tell Jack to get him a drink, and Jack going to obey blindly. Summary: Just as things were looking alright for Tom, he has an accident playing football and is paralyzed. This causes Willie to take a long look at his life, and what has happened to him since he got into politics. He cancels all the plans for the hospital, which angers Tiny Duffy. To get even with Willie, Tiny tells Adam that his sister Anne is Willie’s mistress. Adam is furious and shoots Willie. Then Sugar-Boy, loyal to Willie as always, kills Adam. Willie, unable to recover from the serious wound, dies a few days later. Now Jack is trying to figure this all out, and make sense of his own life. He marries Anne and finishes the biography of Cass Mastern. Response: If this novel has a moral at all, it’s probably about power and truth. Power changed Willie and caused him to do things that he’d never have dreamed of doing before he got into politics. Truth and the fear that people would find the truth caused Adam to kill Willie and Judge Irwin to commit suicide. Morality is probably a big part of it, too. The main idea at the end of the book was that if you drop your morals, everything else goes, too. 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Analyze and make an argument for the success of Martin Luther King Jr Essay

Analyze and make an argument for the success of Martin Luther King Jr speech, I Have a Dream - Essay Example talked about equality for all the races and probably this is the main reason why this speech was a huge success as it changed the whole scenario of the American civil war and the black’s fight for getting equal rights like the white people in America. Martin Luther King delivered this speech around 50 years ago in the footsteps of Lincoln memorial in the august of 1963. The speech started with the history of blacks in America and their continuous struggle to get equal rights in the country just like the other people living in the country moved very beautifully and had all the listeners enchanted. It talked first about the great leader of America under whose footsteps it was being delivered, King then moved on to mention the declaration of independence and its constituents that after the independence all the citizens of America which included black people too would be treated equally and have the same right. No one will be treated on the basis of their color but hundreds of years later, the blacks are still being oppressed as they’re not being given their rights and are not being treated equally. In his speech Martin Luther King talked majestically about how justice has disappeared from the country and how the blacks have been struggling throughout their history in this country. They have been oppressed and being treated as slaves but, they deserve equal rights. King mentioned in his speech that the struggle of blacks to get their rights, to get to get what they deserve and to get what actually is theirs will continue until they achieve their goal but they will not at all use the path of violence but continue their ‘Creative Struggle’. This speech indeed was a very well researched one as King had his point proven after he had delivered the speech. The speech mentioned Bible, the Holy book of the Christians, The Declaration of Independence and President Lincoln, who had all talked about equality and justice for all, Who had all talked about giving equal

Capstone Research Project (5) Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Capstone Project (5) - Research Paper Example GAAP rule works in connection with SEC rules for public companies. GAAP rule emphasizes on covering financial statements presented in balance sheet for at least three years. GAAP need to work closely with SEC regulations in order to measure performance of companies. In accordance to GAAP guideline interim periods must be viewed as essential part of financial year. This guideline helps accountants to allocate cost elements for different financial period. GAAP also focuses on examining unscrupulous transactions in order to identify financial frauds. Although GAAP rules differ on the basis of accounting standards of different countries. Financial fraud is multi dimensional event in terms of variety of impact and nature of fraud. In many cases financial analysts of companies intentionally forecast inflated market capitalization value in order to fulfill dubious objective. Companies practicing unethical business tend to violate GAAP rules in order to gain personal objectives. Financial fr aud can impact various issues such as trade and sales, stock market valuation and investment banking contracts significantly. Many companies use street earning method to calculate earnings per share (EPS) while the method excludes important elements of accounting such as unusual items, extraordinary charges, Charges from mergers and depreciation (Ponzio, 2010, p. 32). Fraudulent companies change GAAP rules in accordance to their requirement in order to satisfy personal objective. Following section will try to explore relationship between GAAP rules and situation mentioned in the Capstone Research Project. 2.0 Leases on Technology Assets Seem Inflated 2.1 Current Lease Accounting GAAP suggests that Current Lease Accounting standard needs to classify their contract as operating lease (all leases except capital lease) or capital lease (this type of lease transfer risks as well as rewards to lessee due to ownership). Amount of capital lease such as payment of rental can be identified fr om examining the balance sheet. GAAP rule suggests that auditor needs to check capital lease by applying depreciation on assets while such thing is not possible for operating lease. According to GAAP in operating lease the lessee does not realize the amount of leased asset from balance sheet but the person can recognize operating lease expenses. Auditors have criticized the shenanigan approach of GAAP to ignore operating lease. Current lease accounting standard has not identified any special measure in case excessive operating lease. Sometimes operating lease can give rise liabilities such as rental payment hence auditors try to capitalize leased assets. Accountants need to follow criteria specified in ASC 840 (SFAS 13) of GAAP to investigate capital lease. According to GAAP rules capital lease needs to follow (ASC 840-10-25-1) (SFAS 13.7) guideline. Accountants need to check proper valuation of leased property in order to identify financial fraud. According to GAAP rules leased tem should not be less than seventy five percent

Applying theory to the News Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Applying theory to the News - Essay Example On the other hand, intellectual heritage involved development of the social control theories as modern versions of the strain theories (Carol). The social theory became popular in mid 1970s due to three major trends in criminology. Firstly, the reaction to conflict and labeling, as well as the return to examination of human behavior prompted some criminologists develop little interests to ‘new criminology’. Secondly, advanced in criminology studies enhanced more pragmatism and orientation of criminology. The theory enhances determination of new research techniques. Surveys for juveniles and their unbecoming behavior enhanced a new paradigm for criminology. For instances, in the article by Chris Tongneri, most of the such behaviors have been embraced by the society and considered as virtue. While the adults, media people and other prominent persons in the society cried of the rottenness of the young people, the youths enjoyed every bit of the criminal behavior done (Chris ). They perpetuated this by circulating embarrassing pictures in social media. Therefore, social control theories allow criminologists an opportunity to solve using the new methodologies. Theoretically, social control theories relate social factors with the restraint on harmful actions. According to Durkheim (1895), society possesses certain deviance and deviants in normal phenomenon, and every society possesses certain form of crime. Therefore, crime in the society must serve a certain function. Deviance helps in maintain the social order due to the vagueness of social boundaries defining the approved and disapproved acts. Such boundaries specify the degree of approval for different acts that range from legal sanction to mild displeasure and imprisonment. For instance, according to containment theory, delinquency entails both inner and outer interplays. The theory explains both deviance and conformity that encompasses various middle age behaviors. Outer containment entails the soci al environment like school and family. This plays a major role in influencing the values and norms that determine the belongingness and opportunity for acceptance. On the other hand, the inner containment encompasses the self concept formed in people when young. Such a concept results in both good or bad self image, and acts as a buffer to the outside influences (Chris). According to the theory, there are certain inducements to commit delinquent acts based on the inner strength and outer containment. An individual possessing good self concept withstands external social controls and resists committing delinquent crimes. In ‘standing by when horror happens’ article by Erin Anderson, the two young football players rape a drunken girl without her consent. According to the article, the video indicated that other partying teens enjoyed watching the naked girl. No, any teenager turned up to prevent the rape from happening. According to the law, failure to report such an incide nt results in crime. However, morality plays a major role in such a situation. Rather than assisting the girl, bystander effect came into play due to diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance (Erin). According to Hirshi (1969), behavior reflected the different degrees of morality. He believed that the power of internalized norms, desire for approval and conscience enhance the development of conventional behavior. He